What is the process used to determine heirs and the distribution of a deceased person's assets?

The process used to determine heirs and the distribution of a deceased person's assets is known as probate. During probate, the court oversees the administration of the deceased individual's estate, ensuring that all debts are settled and that the remaining assets are distributed according to the will or, if there is no will, according to state intestacy laws. This legal process includes validating the deceased's will, appointing an executor or administrator, and providing a formal mechanism for resolving any disputes among heirs or creditors.

The other choices refer to different concepts. Estate planning involves preparing for the transfer of a person's assets after their death, typically involving strategies to maximize the value of an estate and minimize taxes. Asset management focuses on managing investments and assets for growth or income. Property assessment involves evaluating the value of real estate for taxation or sales purposes, which differs substantially from the processes involved in distributing an estate after someone passes away.