What term describes an item of personal property that has been permanently affixed to real property?

The term that describes an item of personal property that has been permanently affixed to real property is "fixture." Fixtures are items that were originally personal property but have been attached to the land or a building in such a way that they become part of the real estate. This transformation occurs because the fixture is physically connected or integrated with the property and is intended to remain there, such as a built-in appliance or a chandelier.

Understanding the concept of fixtures is crucial in real estate, as it helps define what is included in the sale of a property. Fixtures typically convey with the property when it is sold, whereas items that remain personal property may not. This distinction can sometimes lead to disputes between buyers and sellers, making clarity on the subject essential.

The other terms provided do not pertain to this scenario. An "interest" generally refers to a legal right to or claim on real property. A "freehold estate" is a type of ownership interest of land that is more permanent but does not specifically address items affixed to the property. A "joint venture" involves a business arrangement between parties rather than a term related to property and its characteristics.