Who imposes strict liability for cleanup costs under CERCLA?

The imposition of strict liability for cleanup costs under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) falls on potentially responsible parties (PRPs). This law establishes that certain entities can be held liable for environmental contamination, regardless of whether they were negligent or intended to cause harm.

Under CERCLA, PRPs include current owners and operators of a contaminated site, past owners and operators, and those who arranged for the disposal or treatment of hazardous substances. This strict liability approach means that if hazardous substances are released, these parties can be compelled to cover the costs of cleanup efforts without needing to prove fault. This is designed to ensure that the responsibility for contamination is placed on those who have the best ability to address it, promoting quicker remediation and protecting public health and the environment.

Other entities, such as state governments or environmental nonprofit organizations, may advocate for or assist in cleanup efforts, but they do not face the legal liability under CERCLA. Therefore, the correct answer reflects the specific legal framework laid out in federal law, highlighting the role of the parties directly responsible for contamination.